11. Draw a normal ladder and compare it to the structure of DNA.
THE STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACID CHAINS
12. What force holds the two halves of the DNA double helix together?
13. Explain what is meant by "Complementary Base Pairing" and don't forget to mention the numbers of hydrogen bonds involved!
THE WATSON-CRICK MODEL: BASE PAIRING IN DNA
14. Diagram and explain the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND HEREDITY
15. Explain how DNA is replicated including all relevant enzymes and other terms.
16. How does the DNA polymerase "know" which base needs to be added?
17. Explain why discontiguous synthesis of Okazaki fragments occurs.
18. What is semi-conservative replication? What do you think the benefits of this type of replication are?
REPLICATION OF DNA
19. Name the three types of RNA and briefly explain the function of each.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RNA
20. Why is mRNA necessary if DNA holds all the genetic information?
21. DNA strands each have different names in the process of transcription. Name each strand and explain how the strands are different.
22. Look at the following statement and answer TRUE or FALSE. If the statement is false, explain WHY it is false:
TRANSCRIPTION OF THE ENTIRE DNA HELIX AT ONCE INTO mRNA USUALLY OCCURS BECAUSE ALL PROTEINS ARE IMPORTANT.
RNA SYNTHESIS: TRANSCRIPTION
23. Diagram the structure of a typical amino acid. How many amino acids are there? What makes each one different?
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